to write for one

ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].

As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.

In space.

Direction toward, to, toward, and first,

Horizontally:

fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—

In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 188:

altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—

Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.

The point or goal at which any thing arrives.

Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,

With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

ad Sullam adire,

id. ib. 25:

ad se adferre,

id. Verr. 4, 50:

reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

id. ib. 5, 27:

ad laborem adhortantur,

id. de Sen. 14:

T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—

Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

oratus sum venire ad te huc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

eamus ad me,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—

Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

in aedem Veneris,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

in aedem Concordiae,

Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

ad Opis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

ad Castoris,

id. Quint. 17:

ad Juturnae,

id. Clu. 101:

ad Vestae,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—

With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

postea ad pistores dabo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

id. ib. 5, 3:

velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

quae institueram, ad te mittam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —

With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

ad Veios,

Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

or when it is joined with usque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—

With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

ipse ad hostem vehitur,

Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

aliquem ad hostem ducere,

Tac. A. 2, 52:

clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

Cic. Off. 3, 24:

remedium ad tertianam,

Petr. Sat. 18:

munimen ad imbris,

Verg. G. 2, 352:

farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—

The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—

The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

Curt. 3, 9, 10:

laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

vestis ad Seras peti,

id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

deverberasse usque ad necem,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

virgis ad necem caedi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.

Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

astiterunt ad januam,

Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

non adest ad exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

aderant ad spectaculum istud,

Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

Lucr. 3, 959:

quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

haec arma habere ad manum,

Quint. 12, 5, 1:

dominum esse ad villam,

Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

errantem ad flumina,

Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

conchas ad Caietam legunt,

id. Or. 2, 6:

ad forum esse,

to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

ad dextram,

Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

ad laevam,

Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

ad dextram... ad laevam,

Liv. 40, 6;

and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.

In time, analogous to the relations given in A.

Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

domum reductus ad vesperum,

toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—

The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

ad multam noctem,

Cic. de Sen. 14:

Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8:

usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—

Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

nostra ad diem dictam fient,

id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

ad id tempus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.

The relations of number.

An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

quasi ad quadraginta minas,

as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

ad hominum milia decem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

id. B. C. 3, 53:

ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—

The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

quid ad denarium solveretur,

Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

Cic. Lael. 23:

ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

Verg. A. 5, 687.

In the manifold relations of one object to another.

That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.

With verbs:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

nil est ad nos,

is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

nil ad me attinet,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

nihil ad rem pertinet,

Cic. Caecin. 58;

and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

Quid ad praetorem?

id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—

With adjectives:

ad has res perspicax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

virum ad cetera egregium,

Liv. 37, 7, 15:

auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

difficilis (res) ad credendum,

Lucr. 2, 1027:

ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—

With nouns:

prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

mentis ad omnia caecitas,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

ad cetera paene gemelli,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

Cic. Font. 6;

facultas ad agendum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—

In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—

With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

Cic. Mur. 77:

taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

ad amussim non est numerus,

Varr. 2, 1, 26:

ad imaginem facere,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

ad cursus lunae describit annum,

Liv. 1, 19:

omnia ad diem facta sunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

ad aequos flexus,

at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

turres ad altitudiem valli,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

id. 44, 11:

ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

Suet. Ner. 31:

lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

canere ad tibiam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

in numerum ludere,

Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

ad unguem factus homo,

a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

ad istorum normam sapientes,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

ad simulacrum,

Liv. 40, 6:

ad Punica ingenia,

id. 21, 22:

ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

omnia fient ad verum,

Juv. 6, 324:

quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

ad hunc modum institutus est,

id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

ad eundem istunc modum,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

Lucr. 2, 281:

ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

id. Rab. Post. 21:

aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26:

rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

id. Font. 36:

ad vulgi opinionem,

id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

ad instar castrorum,

Just. 36, 3, 2:

scoparum,

App. M. 9, p. 232:

speculi,

id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

ad navis feratur,

like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

ad specus angustiac vallium,

like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,

With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.

The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

Lucr. 3, 144:

ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—

The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,

is done,

is designed, or,

is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.

Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

venimus coctum ad nuptias,

in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

Sall. C. 13, 4:

ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—

Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

(in the same sense: in rem,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

ad frena leones,

Verg. A. 10, 253:

delecto ad naves milite,

marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

servos ad remum,

rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

servos ad militiam emendos,

id. 22, 61, 2:

comparasti ad lecticam homines,

Cat. 10, 16:

Lygdamus ad cyathos,

Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

puer ad cyathum statuetur,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—

Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

causa ad objurgandum,

id. And. 1, 1, 123:

argumentum ad scribendum,

Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

Cato R. R. 125:

nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

Cic. Brut. 24:

reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

homo ad nullam rem utilis,

id. Off. 3, 6:

ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—

Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

terra ad universi caeli complexum,

compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

Liv. 22, 22, 15:

at nihil ad nostram hanc,

nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.

Adverbial phrases with ad.

Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

Liv. 35, 32, 4.—

Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—

Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—

Ad tempus.

At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—

At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—

For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—

According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—

Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).

For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—

Ad locum, on the spot:

ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

Liv. 27, 27, 2.—

Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—

Ad summam.

On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—

In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —

Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.

At the end, finally, at last.

Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

Liv. 21, 8, 10.—

Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,

of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—

In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

id. 28, 28, 8.—

Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—

Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.

Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—

Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

quam ad,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

ripam ad Araxis,

Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

id. ib. 12, 8.—

The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).

In composition.

Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—

Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.

Local.

To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—

At, by: astare, adesse.—

On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—

Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—

Fig.

To: adjudico, adsentior.—

At or on: admiror, adludo.—

Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—

Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—

Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—

Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre (also in a longer form, dănunt = dant, Pac., Naev., and Caecil. ap. Non. 97, 14 sq.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 48; id. Ps. 3, 1, 1 et saep.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 12 Müll.— Subj.:

duim = dem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38:

duis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81; id. Men. 2, 1, 42:

duas = des,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 67; id. Rud. 5, 3, 12; an old formula in Liv. 10, 19:

duit,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 54; id. Aul. 1, 1, 23; an old formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:

duint,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 126; id. Ps. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 2, 4, 35; Ter. And. 4, 1, 43; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 34 al.— Imper.: DVITOR, XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5 ex conject.—Inf.: DASI = dari, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 13 Müll.:

dane = dasne,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22.—The pres. pass., first pers., dor, does not occur), v. a. [Sanscr. dā, da-dā-mi, give; Gr. di-dô-mi, dôtêr, dosis; cf.: dos, donum, damnum], to give; and hence, with the greatest variety of application, passing over into the senses of its compounds, derivatives, and synonyms (edere, tradere, dedere; reddere, donare, largiri, concedere, exhibere, porrigere, praestare, impertire, suppeditare, ministrare, subministrare, praebere, tribuere, offerre, etc.), as, to give away, grant, concede, allow, permit; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer, furnish, afford; offer, etc. (very freq.).

In gen.:

eam carnem victoribus danunt, Naev. ap. Non. l. l.: ea dona, quae illic Amphitruoni sunt data,

Plaut. Am. prol. 138; cf.:

patera, quae dono mi illic data'st,

id. ib. 1, 3, 36:

dandis recipiendisque meritis,

Cic. Lael. 8; cf.:

ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum,

id. ib. 16, 58: ut obsides accipere non dare consuerint, Caes. B. G. 1, 4 fin.:

obsides,

id. ib. 1, 19, 1;

1, 31, 7 et saep.: patriam (sc. mundum) dii nobis communem secum dederunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

hominibus animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus,

id. ib. 6, 15; cf. ib. 6, 17:

ea dant magistratus magis, quae etiamsi nolint, danda sint,

id. ib. 1, 31; cf.

imperia,

id. ib. 1, 44:

centuria, ad summum usum urbis fabris tignariis data,

id. ib. 2, 22:

Lycurgus agros locupletium plebi, ut servitio, colendos dedit,

id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:

ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 5:

litteras ad te numquam habui cui darem, quin dederim,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19: litteras (ad aliquem), to write to one, saep.; cf. id. Att. 5, 11;

and in the same signif.: aliquid ad aliquem,

id. ib. 10, 8 fin.:

litteras alicui, said of the writer,

to give one a letter to deliver, id. ib. 5, 15 fin.;

of the bearer, rarely,

to deliver a letter to one, id. ib. 5, 4 init.: colloquium dare, to join in a conference, converse ( poet.), Lucr. 4, 598 (Lachm.;

al. videmus): colloquiumque sua fretus ab urbe dedit,

parley, challenge, Prop. 5, 10, 32:

dare poenas,

to give satisfaction, to suffer punishment, Sall. C. 18:

alicui poenas dare,

to make atonement to any one; to suffer for any thing, Ov. M. 6, 544; Sall. C. 51, 31;

v. poena: decus sibi datum esse justitia regis existimabant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 41:

quoniam me quodammodo invitas et tui spem das,

id. ib. 1, 10:

dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,

id. ib. 1, 9; cf.:

ansas alicui ad reprehendendum,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

multas causas suspicionum offensionumque,

id. ib. 24:

facultatem per provinciam itineris faciundi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7, 5;

for which: iter alicui per provinciam,

id. ib. 1, 8, 3; Liv. 8, 5; 21, 20 al.:

modicam libertatem populo,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

consilium,

id. Lael. 13:

praecepta,

id. ib. 4 fin.:

tempus alicui, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

operam,

to bestow labor and pains on any thing, Cic. de Or. 1, 55:

operam virtuti,

id. Lael. 22, 84;

also: operam, ne,

id. ib. 21, 78:

veniam amicitiae,

id. ib. 17:

vela (ventis),

to set sail, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187:

dextra vela dare,

to steer towards the right, Ov. 3, 640:

me librum L. Cossinio ad te perferendum dedisse,

Cic. Att. 2, 1:

sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est,

id. Fam. 14, 14 et saep.: ita dat se res, so it is circumstanced, so it is, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 26; cf.:

prout tempus ac res se daret,

Liv. 28, 5 et saep.— Impers.: sic datur, so it goes, such is fate, i. e. you have your reward, Plaut. Truc. 4, 8, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 22; id. Men. 4, 2, 40; 64; id. Stich. 5, 6, 5.— Part. perf. sometimes (mostly in poets) subst.: dăta, ōrum, n., gifts, presents, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 72; Prop. 3, 15, 6 (4, 14, 6 M.); Ov. M. 6, 363 (but not in Cic. Clu. 24, 66, where dona data belong together, as in the archaic formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:

DATVM DONVM DVIT, P. R. Q.).— Prov.: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus,

Mart. 5, 81, 2; cf.:

dat census honores,

Ov. F. 1, 217.—

Poet. with inf.:

da mihi frui perpetuā virginitate,

allow me, Ov. M. 1, 486; id. ib. 8, 350:

di tibi dent captā classem reducere Trojā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 191; so id. ib. 1, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 16, 61; id. A. P. 323 et saep.—

With ne:

da, femina ne sim,

Ov. M. 12, 202.

In partic.

In milit. lang.

Nomina, to enroll one's self for military service, to enlist, Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Liv. 2, 24; 5, 10; cf.

transf. beyond the military sphere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—

Manus (lit., as a prisoner of war, to stretch forth the hands to be fettered; cf. Cic. Lael. 26, 99;

hence),

to yield, surrender, Nep. Ham. 1, 4;

and more freq. transf. beyond the milit. sphere,

to yield, acquiesce, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; Cic. Lael. 26, 99; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 3; Ov. H. 4, 14; id. F. 3, 688; Verg. A. 11, 568; Hor. Epod. 17, 1 al.—

Terga, for the usual vertere terga; v. tergum.—

To grant, consent, permit.

Esp. in jurid. lang.: DO, DICO, ADDICO, the words employed by the praetor in the execution of his office; viz. DO in the granting of judges, actions, exceptions, etc.; DICO in pronouncing sentence of judgment; ADDICO in adjudging the property in dispute to one or the other party; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 30 Müll.;

hence called tria verba,

Ov. F. 1, 47.—

Datur, it is permitted, allowed, granted; with subj. clause: quaesitis diu terris, ubi sistere detur, Ov. M. 1, 307:

interim tamen recedere sensim datur,

Quint. 11, 3, 127:

ex quo intellegi datur, etc.,

Lact. 5, 20, 11.—

In philos. lang., to grant a proposition:

in geometria prima si dederis, danda sunt omnia: dato hoc, dandum erit illud (followed by concede, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25; id. Inv. 1, 31 fin. —

Designating the limit, to put, place, carry somewhere; and with se, to betake one's self somewhere:

tum genu ad terram dabo,

to throw, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17; cf.:

aliquem ad terram,

Liv. 31, 37; Flor. 4, 2 fin.:

me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit!

has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:

hanc mihi in manum dat,

id. And. 1, 5, 62:

praecipitem me in pistrinum dabit,

id. ib. 1, 3, 9:

hostes in fugam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:

hostem in conspectum,

to bring to view, Liv. 3, 69 fin.:

aliquem in vincula,

to cast into prison, Flor. 3, 10, 18; cf.:

arma in profluentes,

id. 4, 12, 9:

aliquem usque Sicanium fretum,

Val. Fl. 2, 28:

aliquem leto,

to put to death, to kill, Phaedr. 1, 22, 9:

se in viam,

to set out on a journey, Cic. Fam. 14, 12:

sese in fugam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 43 fin.; cf.:

se fugae,

id. Att. 7, 23, 2:

Socrates, quam se cumque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 60 et saep.—

Designating the effect, to cause, make, bring about, inflict, impose:

qui dederit damnum aut malum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 116:

nec consulto alteri damnum dari sine dolo malo potest,

Cic. Tull. 14, 34; 16, 39; cf.:

malum dare,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

hoc quī occultari facilius credas dabo,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 29:

inania duro vulnera dat ferro,

Ov. M. 3, 84:

morsus,

Prop. 5, 5, 39; cf.:

motus dare,

to impart motion, Lucr. 1, 819 al. (but motus dare, to make motion, to move, be moved, id. 2, 311):

stragem,

id. 1, 288:

equitum ruinas,

to overthrow, id. 5, 1329.—With part. fut. pass.:

pectora tristitiae dissolvenda dedit,

caused to be delivered from sadness, Tib. 1, 7, 40.—

Prov.: dant animos vina,

Ov. M. 12, 242. —

Aliquid alicui, to do any thing for the sake of another; to please or humor another; to give up, sacrifice any thing to another (for the more usual condonare): da hoc illi mortuae, da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, da patriae, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.: aliquid auribus alicujus, Trebon. ib. 12, 16:

Caere hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis,

Liv. 7, 20:

plus stomacho quam consilio,

Quint. 10, 1, 117 et saep.:

ut concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc populo,

i. e. forgive him, for the sake of the people, Cic. Lig. 12, 37:

dabat et famae, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 7.—Hence,

Se alicui, to give one's self up wholly, to devote, dedicate one's self to a person or thing, to serve:

dedit se etiam regibus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; so Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 10; Poëta ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; Nep. Att. 9; Tac. A. 1, 31:

mihi si large volantis ungula se det equi,

Stat. Silv, 2, 2, 38; 1, 1, 42; 5, 3, 71 al.; Aus. Mosel. 5, 448; cf. Ov. H. 16, 161:

se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 111:

se sermonibus vulgi,

id. ib. 6, 23:

se jucunditati,

id. Off. 1, 34 al.:

se populo ac coronae,

to present one's self, appear, id. Verr. 2, 3, 19; cf.:

se convivio,

Suet. Caes. 31 et saep.:

si se dant (judices) et sua sponte quo impellimus inclinant,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187.—

Of discourse, to announce, tell, relate, communicate (like accipere, for to learn, to hear, v. accipio, II.; mostly ante-class. and poet.):

erili filio hanc fabricam dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 132:

quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 10; cf. Verg. E. 1, 19:

imo etiam dabo, quo magis credas,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 37:

da mihi nunc, satisne probas?

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:

Thessalici da bella ducis,

Val. Fl. 5, 219:

is datus erat locus colloquio,

appointed, Liv. 33, 13:

fixa canens... Saepe dedit sedem notas mutantibus urbes,

i. e. foretold, promised, Luc. 5, 107.—In pass., poet. i. q.: narratur, dicitur, fertur, etc., is said:

seu pius Aeneas eripuisse datur,

Ov. F. 6, 434; Stat. Th. 7, 315; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337.—

Fabulam, to exhibit, produce a play (said of the author; cf.:

docere fabulam, agere fabulam),

Cic. Brut. 18 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 1 fin.; Ter. Eun. prol. 9; 23; id. Heaut. prol. 33; id. Hec. prol. 1 Don.;

and transf.,

Cic. Clu. 31, 84; cf.

also: dare foras librum = edere,

Cic. Att. 13, 22, 3.—

Verba (alicui), to give [p. 605] empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 25; id. Ps. 4, 5, 7; id. Rud. 2, 2, 19; Ter. And. 1, 3, 6 Ruhnk.; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 13, 16 fin.; id. Att. 15, 16 A.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 22; Pers. 4, 45; Mart. 2, 76 et saep.—

Alicui aliquid (laudi, crimini, vitio, etc.), to impute, assign, ascribe, attribute a thing to any one, as a merit, a crime, a fault, etc.:

nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso animum attendite,

Ter. And. prol. 8:

hoc vitio datur,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 64:

inopiā criminum summam laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 21, 71; 2, 17, 58; id. Div. in Caecil. 10; id. Brut. 80, 277 et saep.—

Alicui cenam, epulas, etc., to give one a dinner, entertain at table (freq.):

qui cenam parasitis dabit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 8; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 45; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; id. Mur. 36, 75:

prandium dare,

id. ib. 32, 67; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; Tac. A. 2, 57 al.—

To grant, allow, in gen. (rare, but freq. as impers.; v. B. 2. supra):

dari sibi diem postulabat,

a respite, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 32.

- do, -dāre ( obsol., found only in the compounds, abdo, condo, abscondo, indo, etc.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dhā-, da-dhāmi, set, put, place; Gr. the-, tithêmi; Ger. thun, thue, that; Eng. do, deed, etc.]. This root is distinct from 1. do, Sanscr. dā, in most of the Arian langg.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 484; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 410;

but in Italy the two seem to have been confounded, at least in compounds,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 254 sq.; cf. Max Müller, Science of Lang. Ser. 2, p. 220, N. Y. ed.; Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 100.

do, acc. of domus, v. domus init.

do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre (also in a longer form, dănunt = dant, Pac., Naev., and Caecil. ap. Non. 97, 14 sq.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 48; id. Ps. 3, 1, 1 et saep.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 12 Müll.— Subj.:

duim = dem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38:

duis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81; id. Men. 2, 1, 42:

duas = des,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 67; id. Rud. 5, 3, 12; an old formula in Liv. 10, 19:

duit,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 54; id. Aul. 1, 1, 23; an old formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:

duint,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 126; id. Ps. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 2, 4, 35; Ter. And. 4, 1, 43; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 34 al.— Imper.: DVITOR, XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5 ex conject.—Inf.: DASI = dari, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 13 Müll.:

dane = dasne,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22.—The pres. pass., first pers., dor, does not occur), v. a. [Sanscr. dā, da-dā-mi, give; Gr. di-dô-mi, dôtêr, dosis; cf.: dos, donum, damnum], to give; and hence, with the greatest variety of application, passing over into the senses of its compounds, derivatives, and synonyms (edere, tradere, dedere; reddere, donare, largiri, concedere, exhibere, porrigere, praestare, impertire, suppeditare, ministrare, subministrare, praebere, tribuere, offerre, etc.), as, to give away, grant, concede, allow, permit; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer, furnish, afford; offer, etc. (very freq.).

In gen.:

eam carnem victoribus danunt, Naev. ap. Non. l. l.: ea dona, quae illic Amphitruoni sunt data,

Plaut. Am. prol. 138; cf.:

patera, quae dono mi illic data'st,

id. ib. 1, 3, 36:

dandis recipiendisque meritis,

Cic. Lael. 8; cf.:

ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum,

id. ib. 16, 58: ut obsides accipere non dare consuerint, Caes. B. G. 1, 4 fin.:

obsides,

id. ib. 1, 19, 1;

1, 31, 7 et saep.: patriam (sc. mundum) dii nobis communem secum dederunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

hominibus animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus,

id. ib. 6, 15; cf. ib. 6, 17:

ea dant magistratus magis, quae etiamsi nolint, danda sint,

id. ib. 1, 31; cf.

imperia,

id. ib. 1, 44:

centuria, ad summum usum urbis fabris tignariis data,

id. ib. 2, 22:

Lycurgus agros locupletium plebi, ut servitio, colendos dedit,

id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:

ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 5:

litteras ad te numquam habui cui darem, quin dederim,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19: litteras (ad aliquem), to write to one, saep.; cf. id. Att. 5, 11;

and in the same signif.: aliquid ad aliquem,

id. ib. 10, 8 fin.:

litteras alicui, said of the writer,

to give one a letter to deliver, id. ib. 5, 15 fin.;

of the bearer, rarely,

to deliver a letter to one, id. ib. 5, 4 init.: colloquium dare, to join in a conference, converse ( poet.), Lucr. 4, 598 (Lachm.;

al. videmus): colloquiumque sua fretus ab urbe dedit,

parley, challenge, Prop. 5, 10, 32:

dare poenas,

to give satisfaction, to suffer punishment, Sall. C. 18:

alicui poenas dare,

to make atonement to any one; to suffer for any thing, Ov. M. 6, 544; Sall. C. 51, 31;

v. poena: decus sibi datum esse justitia regis existimabant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 41:

quoniam me quodammodo invitas et tui spem das,

id. ib. 1, 10:

dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,

id. ib. 1, 9; cf.:

ansas alicui ad reprehendendum,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

multas causas suspicionum offensionumque,

id. ib. 24:

facultatem per provinciam itineris faciundi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7, 5;

for which: iter alicui per provinciam,

id. ib. 1, 8, 3; Liv. 8, 5; 21, 20 al.:

modicam libertatem populo,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

consilium,

id. Lael. 13:

praecepta,

id. ib. 4 fin.:

tempus alicui, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

operam,

to bestow labor and pains on any thing, Cic. de Or. 1, 55:

operam virtuti,

id. Lael. 22, 84;

also: operam, ne,

id. ib. 21, 78:

veniam amicitiae,

id. ib. 17:

vela (ventis),

to set sail, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187:

dextra vela dare,

to steer towards the right, Ov. 3, 640:

me librum L. Cossinio ad te perferendum dedisse,

Cic. Att. 2, 1:

sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est,

id. Fam. 14, 14 et saep.: ita dat se res, so it is circumstanced, so it is, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 26; cf.:

prout tempus ac res se daret,

Liv. 28, 5 et saep.— Impers.: sic datur, so it goes, such is fate, i. e. you have your reward, Plaut. Truc. 4, 8, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 22; id. Men. 4, 2, 40; 64; id. Stich. 5, 6, 5.— Part. perf. sometimes (mostly in poets) subst.: dăta, ōrum, n., gifts, presents, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 72; Prop. 3, 15, 6 (4, 14, 6 M.); Ov. M. 6, 363 (but not in Cic. Clu. 24, 66, where dona data belong together, as in the archaic formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:

DATVM DONVM DVIT, P. R. Q.).— Prov.: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus,

Mart. 5, 81, 2; cf.:

dat census honores,

Ov. F. 1, 217.—

Poet. with inf.:

da mihi frui perpetuā virginitate,

allow me, Ov. M. 1, 486; id. ib. 8, 350:

di tibi dent captā classem reducere Trojā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 191; so id. ib. 1, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 16, 61; id. A. P. 323 et saep.—

With ne:

da, femina ne sim,

Ov. M. 12, 202.

In partic.

In milit. lang.

Nomina, to enroll one's self for military service, to enlist, Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Liv. 2, 24; 5, 10; cf.

transf. beyond the military sphere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—

Manus (lit., as a prisoner of war, to stretch forth the hands to be fettered; cf. Cic. Lael. 26, 99;

hence),

to yield, surrender, Nep. Ham. 1, 4;

and more freq. transf. beyond the milit. sphere,

to yield, acquiesce, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; Cic. Lael. 26, 99; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 3; Ov. H. 4, 14; id. F. 3, 688; Verg. A. 11, 568; Hor. Epod. 17, 1 al.—

Terga, for the usual vertere terga; v. tergum.—

To grant, consent, permit.

Esp. in jurid. lang.: DO, DICO, ADDICO, the words employed by the praetor in the execution of his office; viz. DO in the granting of judges, actions, exceptions, etc.; DICO in pronouncing sentence of judgment; ADDICO in adjudging the property in dispute to one or the other party; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 30 Müll.;

hence called tria verba,

Ov. F. 1, 47.—

Datur, it is permitted, allowed, granted; with subj. clause: quaesitis diu terris, ubi sistere detur, Ov. M. 1, 307:

interim tamen recedere sensim datur,

Quint. 11, 3, 127:

ex quo intellegi datur, etc.,

Lact. 5, 20, 11.—

In philos. lang., to grant a proposition:

in geometria prima si dederis, danda sunt omnia: dato hoc, dandum erit illud (followed by concede, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25; id. Inv. 1, 31 fin. —

Designating the limit, to put, place, carry somewhere; and with se, to betake one's self somewhere:

tum genu ad terram dabo,

to throw, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17; cf.:

aliquem ad terram,

Liv. 31, 37; Flor. 4, 2 fin.:

me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit!

has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:

hanc mihi in manum dat,

id. And. 1, 5, 62:

praecipitem me in pistrinum dabit,

id. ib. 1, 3, 9:

hostes in fugam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:

hostem in conspectum,

to bring to view, Liv. 3, 69 fin.:

aliquem in vincula,

to cast into prison, Flor. 3, 10, 18; cf.:

arma in profluentes,

id. 4, 12, 9:

aliquem usque Sicanium fretum,

Val. Fl. 2, 28:

aliquem leto,

to put to death, to kill, Phaedr. 1, 22, 9:

se in viam,

to set out on a journey, Cic. Fam. 14, 12:

sese in fugam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 43 fin.; cf.:

se fugae,

id. Att. 7, 23, 2:

Socrates, quam se cumque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 60 et saep.—

Designating the effect, to cause, make, bring about, inflict, impose:

qui dederit damnum aut malum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 116:

nec consulto alteri damnum dari sine dolo malo potest,

Cic. Tull. 14, 34; 16, 39; cf.:

malum dare,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

hoc quī occultari facilius credas dabo,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 29:

inania duro vulnera dat ferro,

Ov. M. 3, 84:

morsus,

Prop. 5, 5, 39; cf.:

motus dare,

to impart motion, Lucr. 1, 819 al. (but motus dare, to make motion, to move, be moved, id. 2, 311):

stragem,

id. 1, 288:

equitum ruinas,

to overthrow, id. 5, 1329.—With part. fut. pass.:

pectora tristitiae dissolvenda dedit,

caused to be delivered from sadness, Tib. 1, 7, 40.—

Prov.: dant animos vina,

Ov. M. 12, 242. —

Aliquid alicui, to do any thing for the sake of another; to please or humor another; to give up, sacrifice any thing to another (for the more usual condonare): da hoc illi mortuae, da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, da patriae, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.: aliquid auribus alicujus, Trebon. ib. 12, 16:

Caere hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis,

Liv. 7, 20:

plus stomacho quam consilio,

Quint. 10, 1, 117 et saep.:

ut concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc populo,

i. e. forgive him, for the sake of the people, Cic. Lig. 12, 37:

dabat et famae, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 7.—Hence,

Se alicui, to give one's self up wholly, to devote, dedicate one's self to a person or thing, to serve:

dedit se etiam regibus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; so Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 10; Poëta ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; Nep. Att. 9; Tac. A. 1, 31:

mihi si large volantis ungula se det equi,

Stat. Silv, 2, 2, 38; 1, 1, 42; 5, 3, 71 al.; Aus. Mosel. 5, 448; cf. Ov. H. 16, 161:

se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 111:

se sermonibus vulgi,

id. ib. 6, 23:

se jucunditati,

id. Off. 1, 34 al.:

se populo ac coronae,

to present one's self, appear, id. Verr. 2, 3, 19; cf.:

se convivio,

Suet. Caes. 31 et saep.:

si se dant (judices) et sua sponte quo impellimus inclinant,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187.—

Of discourse, to announce, tell, relate, communicate (like accipere, for to learn, to hear, v. accipio, II.; mostly ante-class. and poet.):

erili filio hanc fabricam dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 132:

quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 10; cf. Verg. E. 1, 19:

imo etiam dabo, quo magis credas,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 37:

da mihi nunc, satisne probas?

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:

Thessalici da bella ducis,

Val. Fl. 5, 219:

is datus erat locus colloquio,

appointed, Liv. 33, 13:

fixa canens... Saepe dedit sedem notas mutantibus urbes,

i. e. foretold, promised, Luc. 5, 107.—In pass., poet. i. q.: narratur, dicitur, fertur, etc., is said:

seu pius Aeneas eripuisse datur,

Ov. F. 6, 434; Stat. Th. 7, 315; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337.—

Fabulam, to exhibit, produce a play (said of the author; cf.:

docere fabulam, agere fabulam),

Cic. Brut. 18 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 1 fin.; Ter. Eun. prol. 9; 23; id. Heaut. prol. 33; id. Hec. prol. 1 Don.;

and transf.,

Cic. Clu. 31, 84; cf.

also: dare foras librum = edere,

Cic. Att. 13, 22, 3.—

Verba (alicui), to give [p. 605] empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 25; id. Ps. 4, 5, 7; id. Rud. 2, 2, 19; Ter. And. 1, 3, 6 Ruhnk.; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 13, 16 fin.; id. Att. 15, 16 A.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 22; Pers. 4, 45; Mart. 2, 76 et saep.—

Alicui aliquid (laudi, crimini, vitio, etc.), to impute, assign, ascribe, attribute a thing to any one, as a merit, a crime, a fault, etc.:

nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso animum attendite,

Ter. And. prol. 8:

hoc vitio datur,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 64:

inopiā criminum summam laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 21, 71; 2, 17, 58; id. Div. in Caecil. 10; id. Brut. 80, 277 et saep.—

Alicui cenam, epulas, etc., to give one a dinner, entertain at table (freq.):

qui cenam parasitis dabit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 8; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 45; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; id. Mur. 36, 75:

prandium dare,

id. ib. 32, 67; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; Tac. A. 2, 57 al.—

To grant, allow, in gen. (rare, but freq. as impers.; v. B. 2. supra):

dari sibi diem postulabat,

a respite, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 32.

- do, -dāre ( obsol., found only in the compounds, abdo, condo, abscondo, indo, etc.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dhā-, da-dhāmi, set, put, place; Gr. the-, tithêmi; Ger. thun, thue, that; Eng. do, deed, etc.]. This root is distinct from 1. do, Sanscr. dā, in most of the Arian langg.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 484; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 410;

but in Italy the two seem to have been confounded, at least in compounds,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 254 sq.; cf. Max Müller, Science of Lang. Ser. 2, p. 220, N. Y. ed.; Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 100.

do, acc. of domus, v. domus init.

scrībo, psi, ptum, 3 ( perf. sync. scripsti, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 57: scripstis, Enn. ap. Non. 153, 28, or Trag. v. 239 Vahl.; inf. scripse, Aus. Sept. Sap. Lud. 1; cf. 2. dico init.), v. a. [root skrabh-, to dig; whence, Gr. graphô; Lat. scrobis, scrofa; cf. Germ. schreiben], prop., to scratch, grave, engrave with a sharp point; hence,

In gen.

Lit., to write, draw, or otherwise make lines, letters, figures, etc. (cf. scalpo):

in libro cum scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 76 sq.:

litteras, tabellas,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 28:

(littera M) etiamsi scribitur, tamen parum exprimitur,

Quint. 9, 4, 40; cf. id. 1, 7, 28:

nostri praeceptores cervum servumque u et o litteris scripserunt,

id. 1, 7, 26; cf. id. 1, 7, 4; 1, 7, 20; 1, 7, 30; 12, 10, 28;

12, 10, 30: terra in augurum libris scripta cum r uno,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.:

hic carmen mediā scribe columnā,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 83; cf.:

scribitur vestris Cynthia corticibus,

id. 1, 18, 22; Ov. M. 9, 527; Luc. 2, 343:

in aquā,

Cat. 68, 4; cf.

also: fac lapis his scriptus stet super ossa notis: hic jacet, etc.,

Tib. 1, 3, 54 (but the better reading is inscriptis):

scribere decore,

to write a good hand, Amm. 30, 9, 4:

erat scriptum ipsius manu,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

suā manu scripsit,

Liv. 37, 10.—Of drawing, etc.:

si quis fugitivo stigmata scripserit,

has branded a runaway, Quint. 7, 4, 14; cf.: charaxat ambas ungulis scribentibus genas, Prud. steph. 10, 557:

totius vobis Frontem tabernae scipionibus scribam,

Cat. 37, 10:

(Diodotus Stoicus) geometriae munus tuebatur, verbis praecipiens discentibus, unde, quo quamque lineam scriberent,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

ut formam (porticus) secundum rationem loci scribas,

draw, design, Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5; Stat. S. 1, 3, 9:

quae Attalicis variata per artem Aulaeis scribuntur acu,

i. e. are embroidered, Sil. 14, 660:

scripto radiat Germanicus auro, i. e. sculpto,

Juv. 6, 205; cf. Mart. 11, 5, 3.—

Trop.: memor essem? etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis De Glycerio, graven, imprinted (syn.:

inscripta, insculpta),

Ter. And. 1, 5, 48:

arva sanguineo scribit rutilantia gyro,

Stat. Th. 11, 514.—

In partic., with the accessory idea of intellectual action, of written composition of every kind, to write, write down, compose, describe, depict; to draw up, communicate, announce in writing (syn.: compono, perscribo).

With acc.:

quoniam de re publicā multa quaesierint et scripserint,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

Cn. Aufidius praetorius (caecus) Graecam scribebat historiam,

id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112; so,

historiam,

id. de Or. 2, 12, 51; id. Brut. 75, 262:

bellum,

Liv. 21, 1:

res gestas,

Hor. A. P. 74; id. Ep. 1, 3, 7 al.:

librum de rebus rusticis,

Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

scripsi etiam versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

in Catone Majore, qui est scriptus ad te de senectute,

id. Lael. 1, 4:

carmen in aliquem,

id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

Furius defensionem causae suae scripsit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112; cf. Quint. 2, 15, 29:

libellos,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 61; id. P. 4, 13, 19:

notas,

id. ib. 3, 2, 90:

Diphilus Hanc (fabulam) Graece scripsit,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 33; Ter. Heaut. prol. 43; id. Hec. prol. 6 (cf. also infra, d):

versus,

Lucr. 1, 24; Hor. S. 1, 9, 23; 1, 10, 60:

carmina,

id. ib. 2, 5, 74; id. Ep. 1, 19, 3:

poëmata,

id. ib. 2, 2, 66 et saep.; cf.: scripsere alii rem Versibus, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 221 Vahl.):

formam et situm agri alicui,

to describe, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 4 et saep.—Of written communications, letters, etc.:

epistulis tuis perdiligenter scriptis,

Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1; cf. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 1:

haec scripsi properans,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

litteras, quas ad Pompeium scripsi, tibi misi,

id. ib. 3, 9, 3:

litterae extemplo Romam scriptae,

Liv. 41, 16:

plura ad te scribam, si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 10, 3:

scriberem ad te de hoc plura, si Romae esses,

id. ib. 6, 4, 11:

haec ad te scripsi verbosius,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 5:

scriptā jam epistulā superiore,

id. ib. 1, 9, 26:

non quo haberem, quod tibi scriberem,

id. Att. 4, 4, a:

epistulam,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8 et saep.:

scribere salutem,

to send a greeting, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 77; cf.:

laudes atque gratias populo Romano,

Gell. 3, 8, 5.—With a personal object:

nullos habeo scriptos (homines), memini tamen,

written down, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:

per eum Marium, quem scripsissem,

Cic. Att. 12, 49, 1: quis Martem digne scripserit aut...Merionem aut...Tydiden? who could depict, represent, etc., Hor. C. 1, 6, 14; id. S. 2, 1, 16; cf. in the pass.:

scriberis Vario fortis et hostium Victor,

id. C. 1, 6, 1.—With two acc.: cum auctor pugnae se A. Cornelium Cossum consulem scripserit, subscribed himself, declared himself in the inscription to be, Liv. 4, 20, 11.—

With object-clause:

in foribus scribat occupatum esse se,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 15:

ut Africanum avum meum scribit Cato solitum esse dicere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 27; id. Att. 1, 8, 1; cf.:

Romae quod scribis sileri, ita putabam,

id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

quod ad te scripseram me in Epiro futurum,

id. ib. 3, 13, 1:

Graeceius ad me scripsit, C. Cassium sibi scripsisse, homines comparari, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 15, 8, 2:

Cicero quodam loco scribit, id esse optimum, etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 92:

post paulo scribit, sibi millia quinque Esse domi chlamydum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 43 et saep.—In pass., with nom. or acc.:

eadem haec avis scribitur conchis se solere complere, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125: scribitur nobis, magnam veteranorum multitudinem Romam convenisse jam, etc., Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 1:

scriptum est item, quaesivisse (Socratem), quid esset,

Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123.—

With rel.-clause:

nec scribis, quam ad diem te exspectemus,

Cic. Att. 3, 7, 1:

scribe aliquando ad nos, quid agas,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

ad me Valerius scripsit... quem ad modum ducta esses, etc.,

id. ib. 14, 2, 2.—

Absol.:

quo (Platone) nemo in scribendo praestantior fuit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 21; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13:

Demophilus scripsit, Marcus vortit barbare,

Plaut. As. prol. 11; id. Trin. prol. 19:

poëta quom primum ad scribendum animum appulit,

Ter. And. prol. 1; id. Heaut. prol. 7:

sumite materiem vestris, qui scribitis, aequam Viribus,

Hor. A. P. 38:

sic raro scribis, ut toto non quater anno Membranam poscas,

id. S. 2, 3, 1 et saep.:

Samiae, ut ibi (i. e. in oratione) scribit Laelius, capedines,

Cic. Rep. 6, 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 16, 25:

ut, quemadmodum scribit ille, cottidiano, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 2, 8:

denique non video de tot scribentibus unum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 495.—So freq. of written communications, letters; usually with ad aliquem (less freq. alicui) or de aliquā re:

tv si, ut scribis, Kal. Jun. Romā profectus es, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 3:

ego te, ut scribis, cito videbo,

id. ib. 3, 27:

nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam, scribo tamen, non ut te delectem, etc.,

id. ib. 14, 12, 3:

senatusconsultum si erit factum, scribes ad me,

id. ib. 5, 4, 2; cf.:

scripsi etiam ad Camillum, ad Lamiam,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3:

in quā (epistulā) de agro Campano scribis,

id. ib. 2, 16, 11:

ut nuper me scis scripsisse ad te de Varronis erga me officio, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 25, 1; cf.:

Hermae tui Pentelici, de quibus ad me scripsisti,

id. ib. 1, 8, 2; 1, 9, 2 et saep.— With ut, ne, etc.:

velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1:

ad me scriberet, ut in Italiam quam primum venirem,

id. ib. 11, 7, 2; 5, 11, 6.— With dat.:

consules Fulvio, ut ex Falisco, Postumio, ut ex Vaticano exercitum ad Clusium admoveant, scribunt,

Liv. 10, 27; 42, 27; Tac. A. 1, 29.—With ne:

Scipioni scribendum, ne bellum remitteret,

Liv. 30, 23.—With simple subj.:

scribit Labieno, si rei publicae commodo facere posset, cum legione ad fines Nerviorum veniat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 46 fin. —In Tac. also, with inf.:

scribitur tetrarchis ac regibus, jussis Corbulonis obsequi,

Tac. A. 15, 25 fin. —In eccl. Lat. as a formula of quotation from the Scriptures:

scriptum est,

i. e. it is said in Holy Writ, Vulg. Matt. 4, 4; id. Luc. 19, 46; id. Rom. 11, 8 et saep.—

Publicists', milit., jurid., and business t. t., of written plans, drafts, and other writings of various import.

Publicists' t. t., to draw up, draught a law, decree, treaty, etc.:

quod proditum memoria est, X. viros, qui leges scripserint, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54; so,

leges,

id. ib. 2, 36, 61; 2, 10, 18; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68 al.; cf.

in a transf. signif.: cui non apparet, inopiam et miseriam civitatis istam legem scripsisse, etc.,

Liv. 34, 6 fin.; and:

testamentum, quod pietas, fides, pudor scripsit,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 7:

haec senatusconsulta non ignoro ab amicissimis ejus, cujus de honore agitur, scribi solere,

Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 2.—So very freq.: senatusconsulto scribendo, or simply scribendo adesse, or also, ad scribendum esse, to witness the drawing up of a decree of the Senate; to subscribe it: erat nobis dictum, te existimare, alicui senatusconsulto, quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret, scribendo Lamiam [p. 1648] affuisse, qui omnino consulibus illis numquam fuit ad scribendum, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2 Orell. N. cr.; cf.: senatusconsulta scribuntur apud familiarem meum (i. e. Caesarem). Et quidem cum in mentem venit (Caesari), ponor ad scribendum (i. e. he adds my signature to it), id. ib. 9, 15, 4:

quod me esse ad scribendum vides,

id. Att. 1, 19, 9; id. Fam. 9, 15, 3: S. C. auctoritas. Pridie Kal. Octob. in aede Apollinis scrib. affuerunt L. Domitius, etc., an official formula ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq. (v. assum):

Boeotorum gentem numquam ad scribendum amicitiae foedus adduci potuisse,

to make, enter into, conclude, Liv. 42, 12.—

Milit. t. t.: scribere milites (legiones, supplementum, etc.), to enlist, enroll, levy:

milites,

Sall. J. 43, 3:

legiones,

id. C. 32, 1:

exercitui supplementum,

id. J. 39, 2:

supplementum legionibus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 3, 1; Liv. 8, 8:

exercitum,

id. 4, 43; 9, 8; 9, 19:

equites,

id. 10, 25; 21, 40; 35, 20:

socios navales,

id. 37, 2; so, too: sex milia colonorum Albam in Aequos, to enroll for the purpose of sending, to send, id. 10, 1:

socios scribere in urbem,

id. 4, 11, 4.—

Poet., transf.:

scribe tui gregis hunc,

enroll him among your retinue, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 13.—

Jurid. and business t. t.: dicam scribere (alicui), like dikên graphein tini, to bring an action in writing against any one (v. dica); of a lawyer, to draw up legal instruments (complaints or charges, contracts, wills, etc.):

Servius hanc urbanam militiam respondendi, scribendi, cavendi secutus est,

Cic. Mur. 9, 19; id. Fam. 7, 14 Manut.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

omnia testamenta tu scribes unus,

id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; Dig. 28, 2, 25.—Hence, transf., with a personal object: aliquem heredem, to appoint or designate any one as heir:

testamentum palam fecerat et illum heredem et me scripserat,

Cic. Mil. 18, 48; cf.:

in testamento Ptolemaei patris heredes erant scripti, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 108:

quem Micipsa testamento secundum heredem scripsit,

Sall. J. 65, 1; Auct. B. Alex. 33; Plin. Pan. 43, 1 sq.; Tac. A. 14, 31; Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Juv. 3, 161; 9, 87:

aliquem coheredem,

Tac. Agr. 43 fin.:

aliquem exheredem,

to disinherit any one by will, Dig. 37, 4, 8, §§

1 and 6: aliquem tutorem liberis suis,

to appoint as guardian by will, Cic. Clu. 14, 41:

libertatem servo,

to bequeath to a slave his freedom, Dig. 29, 2, 71.—Of contracts, notes, drafts, etc.:

pulchre scripsti: scitum syngraphum!

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 57: nummos, usuras, etc. (alicui), to give a note or bond for:

scribit nummos,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34:

sibi creditam pecuniam,

Dig. 26, 7, 9, § 7:

genero usuras praestandas quasi ex dotis promissione,

ib. 4, 4, 17:

lecta est cautio hujusmodi: Lutius Titius scripsi, me accepisse a Publio Maevio quindecim mutua numerata mihi de domo, etc.,

ib. 12, 1, 40: scribe decem (tabulas) a Nerio, give ten notes or bonds drawn up by the usurer Nerius, Hor. S. 2, 3, 69. scriptos expendere nummos, v. l. ap. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105 (Hold. cautos); cf. rescribo.—Hence, scriptum, i, n., something written, viz.,

(Acc. to I.) A line; so only: duodecim scripta, a game played with colored stones (calculi) on a draught-board marked into spaces by twelve oblique lines: tibi concedo, quod in duodecim scriptis olim, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati poenitet, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 170, 30; cf.:

in lusu duodecim scriptorum cum prior calculum promovisset essetque victus, etc.,

Quint. 11, 2, 38;

v. also scriptula, and Becker, Gall. 3, pp. 261 and 264 sq.: duodecim scriptis ludere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217.—

(Acc. to II.) A written composition, writing, treatise, book, work, etc. (most freq. in plur.):

ex scripto et sententiā controversia nascitur cum videtur scriptoris voluntas cum scripto ipso dissentire,

the writing, the written expression, Auct. Her. 1, 11, 19:

incredibile dictu est, quam multi Graeci de harum valvarum pulchritudine scriptum reliquerunt,

have left something written concerning it, speak of it in their writings, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124; so Quint. 6, 1, 7; cf. in plur., Cic. Rep. 1, 22, 36:

quod a Democrito et Platone in scriptis relictum esse dicunt,

id. de Or. 2, 46, 194:

utinam exstarent illa carmina, quae multis saeculis ante suam aetatem in epulis esse cantata, in Originibus scriptum reliquit Cato!

id. Brut. 19, 75: ut ipsis scriptis non ea mandaremus, id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

in quo libro scriptum hoc invenitur,

Quint. 1, 1, 15:

Hortensius erat memoriā tantā, ut quae secum commentatus esset, ea sine scripto verbis eisdem redderet, quibus cogitavisset,

without notes, Cic. Brut. 88, 301; cf. on the contrary: de scripto dicere, to speak or read from a written paper:

recitetur oratio, quae propter rei magnitudinem dicta de scripto est,

id. Planc. 30, 74; id. Phil. 10, 2, 5; id. Brut. 12, 46; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; id. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

laudavit pater scripto meo,

in a speech composed by me, id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 5:

adire aliquem scripto,

Tac. H. 4, 39:

cum eorum inventis scriptisque se oblectent,

writings, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

ardeo cupiditate...nomen ut nostrum scriptis illustretur et celebretur tuis,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 1:

scripta recitare,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 75:

nosmet Lucili scripta legentes,

id. ib. 1, 10, 56:

Graecorum Scripta optima,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 29:

si non accipiet scriptum,

Ov. A. A. 1, 469:

debueram scripto certior esse tuo,

id. H. 6, 4.—

(Acc. to II. B. 1.) Scriptum legis, and simply scriptum, a written ordinance, a law:

quam tu mihi ex ordine recita de legis scripto populi Romani auctionem,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:

(Crassus) ita multa tum contra scriptum pro aequo et bono dixit, ut, etc.,

id. Brut. 39, 145; cf. id. Inv. 2, 46, 135; 2, 47, 138; cf.:

(senatus) scripto illo istius sententiam dicere vetabatur,

rescript, id. Dom. 26, 69.

sub-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.

To write underneath or below (class.; cf. subnoto).

In gen.:

statuis inauratis... subscripsit, Reges ab se in gratiam esse reductos,

Cic. Clu. 36, 101; cf.:

subscripsere quidam L. Bruti statuae: utinam viveres, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 80:

si quaeret Pater Urbium Subscribi statuis,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 28; cf.:

meo subscribi causa sepulcro,

Ov. M. 9, 563: quarum (litterarum) exemplum subscripsi, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 13, A, § 1; Treb. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3; cf.:

seminaria ulmorum parentur eā ratione, quam deinceps subscripsimus,

Col. 5, 6, 5.—

In partic.

Jurid. t. t., to write down, sign, or subscribe one's name to an accusation (either as principal prosecutor or as seconding others), together with the ground of the charge; hence, in gen., to charge, accuse, prosecute: in L. Popillium subscripsit L. Gellius, quod is pecuniam accepisset, quo innocentem condemnaret, Cic. Clu. 47, 131; cf.:

quia parricidii causa subscripta esset,

id. Inv. 2, 19, 58:

Gabinium de ambitu reum fecit P. Sulla, subscribente privigno Memmio, fratre Caecilio, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

Capito Agrippae subscripsit in C. Cassium,

Vell. 2, 69, 5; and:

accusanti patrono subscripsit,

Suet. Rhet. 3; Nep. Att. 6, 3:

cras subscribam homini dicam,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 5:

in crimen,

Dig. 47, 1, 3; 47, 2, 92:

in crimine,

ib. 48, 10, 24.—

Publicists' t. t., of the censor, to write down, set down, note down the reason of his official censure under or against the name of the person censured:

video animadvertisse censores in judices quosdam illius consilii Juniani, cum istam ipsam causam subscriberent,

Cic. Clu. 42, 119:

censor C. Ateium notavit, quod ementitum auspicia subscripsit,

id. Div. 1, 16, 29:

haec quae de judicio corrupto subscripserint, etc.,

id. Clu. 45, 127: ac primum illud statuamus, utrum quia censores subscripserint, ita sit;

an quia ita fuerit, illi subscripserint,

id. ib. 44, 123:

quod censores de ceteris subscripserunt,

Quint. 5, 13, 33.—

To sign, subscribe a document (by appending one's name or a formula of greeting;

perh. not ante-Aug.): omnes (tutores) debent unius editioni subscribere,

Dig. 2, 13, 6:

rationibus, testamento,

ib. 40, 7, 40;

for which, also, rationes,

ib. 35, 1, 80 fin.; 34, 3, 12:

si subscripserit in tabulis emptionis, concessisse videtur,

ib. 20, 6, 8 fin.:

cum de supplicio cujusdam capite damnati, ut ex more subscriberet, admoneretur,

Suet. Ner. 10; id. Calig. 29:

ipse Commodus in subscribendo tardus et neglegens, ita ut libellis una forma multis subscriberet, in epistolis autem plurimis Vale tantum scriberet,

Lampr. Commod. 13; Suet. Tib. 32 Wolf (cf. Dio, 57, 11).—

Transf.

To assent to, agree to, approve of any thing:

nec quicquam prius pro potestate subscripsit, quam quingenties sestertium ad peragendam Auream domum,

Suet. Oth. 7:

Caesaris irae,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 3:

aut gratiae aut odio suo,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 57:

odiis accusationibusque Hannibalis,

Liv. 33, 47:

orationi alicujus,

id. 10, 22:

luxuriae,

Cels. 3, 4:

si fortuna voto subscripserit,

Col. 1, 2, 3: tuo desiderio, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 95 (96):

amoribus alicujus,

Val. Max. 4, 7, 4.—

To grant, allow, accord a thing to any one (post-class.), Tert. Virg. Vel. 10; id. Idol. 13; id. Anim. 40.—

(With the idea of the verb predom.) To write or note down (=notare;

very rare): numerum aratorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120:

audita,

Quint. 12, 8, 8:

quaedam,

Suet. Aug. 27; cf.:

suspiria nostra (a delatoribus),

Tac. Agr. 45 (acc. to others this passage belongs to B. 1.).

făcĭo, feci, factum, 3, v. a. and n.; in pass.: fio, factus, fieri ( imper. usually fac, but the arch form face is freq., esp. in Plaut. and Ter., as Plaut. As. prol. 4; 1, 1, 77; id. Aul. 2, 1, 30; id. Cist. 2, 1, 28; id. Ep. 1, 1, 37; 2, 2, 117; id. Most. 3, 2, 167 et saep.; Ter. And. 4, 1, 57; 4, 2, 29; 5, 1, 2; 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 10 al.; Cato, R. R. 23, 1; 26; 32 al.; Cat. 63, 78; 79; 82; Ov. Med. fac. 60; Val. Fl. 7, 179 al.; futur. facie for faciam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. dico, init., and the letter e:

faxo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199; 2, 1, 42; 3, 3, 17; 3, 4, 14; 5, 1, 55 et saep.; Ter. And. 5, 2, 13; id. Eun. 2, 2, 54; 4, 3, 21 al.; Verg. A. 9, 154; 12, 316; Ov. M. 3, 271; 12, 594: faxim, Enn. ap. Non. 507, 23; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 13; id. Aul. 3, 2, 6; 3, 5, 20 al.; Ter. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13:

faxis,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Sil. 15, 362: faxit, Lex Numae in Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ALIVTA, p. 6 Mull.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 90; 3, 5, 54; id. Cas. 3, 5, 6 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

faximus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 40: faxitis, an old form in Liv. 23, 11, 2; 25, 12, 10; 29, 27, 3:

faxint,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; id. Aul. 2, 1, 27; 2, 2, 79 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; id. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 3, 2, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81; id. Fam. 14, 3, 3.—In pass. imper.:

fi,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 87; Hor. S. 2, 5, 38; Pers. 1, 1, 39:

fite,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89 al. — Indic.: facitur, Nigid. ap. Non. 507, 15: fitur, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 789:

fiebantur,

id. ib.: fitum est, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. 475, 16.— Subj.: faciatur, Titin. ib.— Inf.: fiere, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 75 P.; Ann. v. 15, ed. Vahl.; Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 10.—On the long i of fit, v. Ritschl, prol. p. 184, and cf. Plaut. Capt. prol. 25: ut fit in bello) [prob. root bha-; Sanscr. bhasas, light; Gr. pha-, in phainô, phêmi; cf. fax, facetiae, facilis, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 423.—But Curt. refers facio to root the- (strengthened THEK), Griech. Etym. p. 64], to make in all senses, to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass, cause, effect, create, commit, perpetrate, form, fashion, etc. (cf. in gen.:

ago, factito, reddo, operor, tracto): verbum facere omnem omnino faciendi causam complectitur, donandi, solvendi, judicandi, ambulandi, numerandi,

Dig. 50, 16, 218.

In gen.

With acc.: ut faber, cum quid aedificaturus est, non ipse facit materiam, sed ea utitur, quae sit parata, etc.... Quod si non est a deo materia facta, ne terra quidem et aqua et aer et ignis a deo factus est, Cic. N. D. Fragm. ap. Lact. 2, 8 (Cic. ed. Bait. 7, p. 121):

sphaera ab Archimede facta,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

fecitque idem et sepsit de manubiis comitium et curiam,

id. ib. 2, 17:

aedem,

id. ib. 2, 20:

pontem in Arari faciundum curat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1:

castra,

id. ib. 1, 48, 2; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

faber vasculum fecit,

Quint. 7, 10, 9:

classem,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21, 4:

cenas et facere et obire,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6:

ignem lignis viridibus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45:

poema,

to compose, id. Pis. 29, 70:

carmina,

Juv. 7, 28:

versus,

id. 7, 38:

sermonem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1; cf.

litteram,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: ludos, to celebrate, exhibit = edere, id. Rep. 2, 20; id. Att. 15, 10;

also i. q. ludificari,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 47:

sementes,

i. e. to sow, Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 1:

messem,

Col. 2, 10, 28:

pecuniam,

to make, acquire, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

manum (with parare copias),

to collect, prepare, id. Caecin. 12, 33; so,

cohortes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 4:

exercitum,

Vell. 2, 109, 2; and:

auxilia mercede,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

iter,

Cic. Att. 3, 1; id. Planc. 26, 65; id. Div. 1, 33, 73 et saep.; cf.

also the phrases: aditum sibi ad aures,

Quint. 4, 1, 46:

admirationem alicujus rei alicui,

to excite, Liv. 25, 11, 18; Sen. Ep. 115:

aes alienum,

Cic. Att. 13, 46, 4; Liv. 2, 23, 5; Sen. Ep. 119, 1:

alienationem disjunctionemque,

Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

animum alicui,

Liv. 25, 11, 10:

arbitrium de aliquo,

to decide, Hor. C. 4, 7, 21;

opp. arbitrium alicui in aliqua re,

i. e. to leave the decision to one, Liv. 43, 15, 5:

audaciam hosti,

id. 29, 34, 10:

audientiam orationi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

auspicium alicui,

Liv. 1, 34, 9; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 86:

auctoritatem,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 43:

bellum,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

multa bona alicui,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 46:

castra,

to pitch, Tac. H. 5, 1:

caulem,

to form, Col. Arb. 54:

clamores,

to make, raise, Cic. Brut. 95, 326:

cognomen alicui,

to give, Liv. 1, 3, 9:

commercium sermonis,

id. 5, 15, 5:

concitationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 106 fin.:

conjurationes,

to form, id. B. G. 4, 30 fin.:

consuetudinem alicui cum altero,

Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1:

consilia alicui,

Liv. 35, 42, 8:

contentionem cum aliquo,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

controversiam,

to occasion, id. Or. 34, 121:

convicium magnum alicui,

id. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

copiam pugnandi militibus,

Liv. 7, 13, 10:

corpus,

to grow fat, corpulent, Cels. 7, 3 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 7, 5:

curam,

Tac. A. 3, 52:

damnum,

to suffer, Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

detrimentum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

desiderium alicujus, rei alicui,

Liv. 3, 34, 7; 7, 24, 10:

dicta,

Ov. F. 2, 375; 3, 515:

difficultatem,

Quint. 10, 3, 10 and 16:

discordiam,

to cause, Tac. H. 3, 48:

discrimen,

Quint. 7, 2, 14; 11, 1, 43:

disjunctionem (with alienationem),

Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

dolorem alicui,

id. Att. 11, 8, 2:

dulcedinem,

Sen. Ep. 111:

eloquentiam alicui (ira),

Quint. 6, 2, 26:

epigramma,

to write, Cic. Arch. 10, 25:

errorem,

Sen. Ep. 67:

eruptiones ex oppido,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 5:

exemplum,

Quint. 5, 2, 2: exempla = edere or statuere, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 66. exercitum, to raise, muster, Tac. A. 6, 33:

exspectationem,

Quint. 9, 2, 23:

facinus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95; Tac. A. 12, 31:

facultatem recte judicandi alicui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 179:

fallaciam,

Ter. And. 1, 8, 7:

famam ingenii,

Quint. 11, 2, 46:

fastidium,

Liv. 3, 1, 7:

favorem alicui,

id. 42, 14, 10; Quint. 4, 1, 33:

fidem alicui,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4; id. Att. 7, 8, 1; Quint. 6, 2, 18:

finem,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; id. Rep. 2, 44:

formidinem,

to excite, Tac. H. 3, 10:

fortunam magnam (with parare),

Liv. 24, 22, 9:

fraudem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; Cic. Att. 4, 12:

fugam fecerunt, stronger than fugerunt,

Liv. 8, 9, 12 Weissenb.; Sall. J. 53, 3;

but: cum fugam in regia fecisset (sc. ceterorum),

Liv. 1, 56, 4; so,

fugam facere = fugare,

id. 21, 5, 16; 21, 52, 10:

fugam hostium facere,

id. 22, 24, 8; 26, 4, 8 al.:

gestum vultu,

Quint. 11, 3, 71:

gradum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8:

gratiam alicujus rei,

Liv. 3, 56, 4; 8, 34, 3:

gratulationem alicui,

Cic. Fam. 11, 18, 3; Sen. Ep. 6:

gratum alicui,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 56; Cic. Rep. 1, 21; cf.:

gratissimum alicui,

id. Fam. 7, 21 fin.:

histrioniam,

Plaut. Am. prol. 152:

homicidium,

to commit, Quint. 5, 9, 9:

hospitium cum aliquo,

Cic. Balb. 18, 42:

imperata,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 3:

impetum in hostem,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; Liv. 25, 11, 2:

incursionem,

Liv. 3, 38, 3:

indicium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57, § 150:

inducias,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 20:

initium,

to begin, id. Agr. 2, 29, 79; cf.:

initia ab aliquo,

id. Rep. 1, 19:

injuriam,

id. ib. 3, 14 (opp. accipere); Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4; Quint. 3, 6, 49; 10, 1, 115:

insidias alicui,

Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

iram,

Quint. 6, 1, 14:

jacturam,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Fin. 2, 24, 79; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 7:

judicium,

Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2:

judicatum,

to execute, id. Fl. 20, 48:

jus alicui,

Liv. 32, 13, 6:

jussa,

Ov. F. 1, 379:

laetitiam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

largitiones,

id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

locum poetarum mendacio,

Curt. 3, 1, 4:

locum alicui rei,

Cels. 2, 14 fin.; 7, 4, 3; Curt. 4, 11, 8; Sen. Ep. 91, 13 et saep.:

longius,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22 al.:

valde magnum,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

medicinam alicui,

to administer, id. Fam. 14, 7:

memoriam,

Quint. 11, 2, 4:

mentionem,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 2:

metum,

to excite, Tac. A. 6, 36:

turbida lux metum insidiarum faciebat,

suggested, Liv. 10, 33, 5:

metum alicui,

id. 9, 41, 11:

missum aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

modum irae,

Liv. 4, 50, 4:

moram,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 72:

morem alicujus rei sibi,

Liv. 35, 35, 13:

motus,

id. 28, 46, 8: multam alicui, Cato ap. Gell. 11, 1, 6:

munditias,

id. R. R. 2, 4:

mutationem,

Cic. Sest. 12, 27; id. Off. 1, 33, 120:

multa alicui,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 16:

naufragium,

to suffer, id. Fam. 16, 9, 1:

negotium alicui,

to give to do, make trouble for, Quint. 5, 12, 13; Just. 21, 4, 4:

nomen alicui,

Liv. 8, 15, 8; cf.

nomina,

to incur debts, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:

odium vitae,

Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 199:

officium suum,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 12:

omnia amici causa,

Cic. Lael. 10, 35; id. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

opinionem alicui,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

orationem,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 63; id. Brut. 8, 30; id. Or. 51, 172:

otia alicui,

to grant, Verg. E. 1, 6:

pacem,

to conclude, Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:

pecuniam ex aliqua re,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

periculum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 9; Tac. A. 13, 33; 16, 19; Sall. C. 33, 1: perniciem alicui, to cause, = parare, Tac. H. 2, 70:

planum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

potestatem,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 11; id. Rep. 2, 28:

praedam,

Caes. B. G. 4, 34, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 156; Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 8:

praedas ab aliquo,

Nep. Chabr. 2, 2:

proelium,

to join, Caes. B. G. 1, 13; Cic. Deiot. 5, 13; Liv. 25, 1, 5; Tac. H. 4, 79; id. A. 12, 40:

promissum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95:

pudorem,

Liv. 3, 31, 3:

ratum,

id. 28, 39, 16:

rem,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12:

reum,

to accuse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38: risum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 40; 48:

scelus,

to commit, Tac. H. 1, 40:

securitatem alicui,

Liv. 36, 41, 1:

sermonem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

significationem ignibus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 3:

silentium,

Liv. 24, 7, 12:

somnum,

to induce, Juv. 3, 282:

spem,

Cic. Att. 3, 16; Liv. 30, 3, 7:

spiritus,

id. 30, 11, 3:

stercus,

Col. 2, 15:

stipendia,

Sall. J. 63, 3; Liv. 3, 27, 1; 5, 7, 5:

stomachum alicui,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 2; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

suavium alicui,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 53:

suspicionem,

Cic. Fl. 33, 83:

taedium alicujus rei,

Liv. 4, 57, 11:

terrorem iis,

to inflict, id. 10, 25, 8:

timorem,

to excite, id. 6, 28, 8:

mihi timorem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:

totum,

Dig. 28, 5, 35:

transitum alicui,

Liv. 26, 25, 3:

turbam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 2:

urinam,

Col. 6, 19:

usum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

vadimonium,

Cic. Quint. 18, 57:

verbum, verba,

to speak, talk, id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

verbum,

to invent, id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

versus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5:

vestigium,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 47: viam [p. 717] sibi, Liv. 3, 5, 6:

vim alicui or in aliquem,

id. 38, 24, 4; 3, 5, 5:

vires,

to get, acquire, Quint. 10, 3, 3:

vitium,

Cic. Top. 3, 15 al. —

With ut, ne, quin, or the simple subj.:

faciam, ut ejus diei locique meique semper meminerit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 20:

facere ut remigret domum,

id. Pers. 4, 6, 3; id. Capt. 3, 4, 78; 4, 2, 77:

ea, quantum potui, feci, ut essent nota nostris,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

facito, ut sciam,

id. Att. 2, 4, 4:

non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi illam epistolam non mitteres,

id. ib. 11, 21, 1:

si facis ut patriae sit idoneus,

Juv. 14, 71:

ut nihil ad te dem litterarum facere non possum,

Cic. Ac. 8, 14, 1; for which, with quin:

facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,

I cannot forbear sending, id. ib. 12, 27, 2:

fecisti, ut ne cui maeror tuus calamitatem afferret,

id. Clu. 60, 168:

fac, ne quid aliud cures,

id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

domi assitis, facite,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 53:

fac fidele sis fidelis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

fac cupidus mei videndi sis,

Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 5:

fac cogites,

id. ib. 11, 3, 4.—In pass.:

fieri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6: potest fieri, ut iratus dixerit, etc., Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:

nec fieri possit, ut non statim alienatio facienda sit,

id. Lael. 21, 76; so with ut non, id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190 (Zumpt, Gram. § 539).—

With inf. = efficere, curare, to cause (rare):

nulla res magis talis oratores videri facit,

Cic. Brut. 38, 142; Pall. 6, 12:

aspectus arborum macrescere facit volucres inclusas,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 3; Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114:

qui nati coram me cernere letum Fecisti,

Verg. A. 2, 539; Ov. H. 17, 174:

mel ter infervere facito,

Col. 12, 38, 5 (perh. also in Ov. H. 6, 100, instead of favet, v. Loers. ad h. l.; cf. infra, B. 4.).—

Absol.:

ego plus, quam feci, facere non possum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 14, 3:

faciam, ut potero, Laeli,

id. de Sen. 3, 7; cf. id. Rep. 1, 24:

noli putare, pigritia me facere, quod non mea manu scribam,

id. Att. 16, 15, 1; so,

facere = hoc or id facere,

Lucr. 4, 1112 (cf. Munro ad loc.); 1153: vereor ne a te rursus dissentiam. M. Non facies, Quinte, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33;

so after scribam,

id. Att. 16, 16, 15:

nominaverunt,

id. Rep. 2, 28, 50;

after disserere: tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

after fingere: ut facit apud Platonem Socrates,

id. ib.:

necesse erit uti epilogis, ut in Verrem Cicero fecit,

Quint. 6, 1, 54:

qui dicere ac facere doceat,

id. 2, 3, 11:

faciant equites,

Juv. 7, 14; Liv. 42, 37, 6:

petis ut libellos meos recognoscendos curem. Faciam,

Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; 5, 1, 4 et saep. (cf. the use of facio, as neutr., to resume or recall the meaning of another verb, v. II. E. infra; between that use and this no line can be drawn).

In partic.

With a double object, to make a thing into something, to render it something:

senatum bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,

Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

te disertum,

id. ib. 2, 39 fin.:

iratum adversario judicem,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

heredem filiam,

to appoint, constitute, id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:

aliquem regem,

Just. 9, 6:

aliquem ludos,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 75:

aliquem absentem rei capitalis reum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

animum dubium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27:

injurias irritas,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63:

vectigalia sibi deteriora,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4:

hi consules facti sunt,

Cic. de Sen. 5, 14:

disciplina doctior facta civitas,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

di ex hominibus facti,

id. ib. 2, 10; cf.:

tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti,

Sall. J. 10, 2.—In pass.:

quo tibi sumere depositum clavum fierique tribuno?

to become a tribune, Hor. S. 1, 6, 25.—

to value, esteem, regard a person or thing in any manner (like the Engl. make, in the phrase to make much of).—Esp. with gen. pretii:

in quo perspicere posses, quanti te, quanti Pompeium, quem unum ex omnibus facio, ut debeo, plurimi, quanti Brutum facerem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 2:

te quotidie pluris feci,

id. ib. 3, 4, 2:

voluptatem virtus minimi facit,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 42:

dolorem nihili facere,

to care nothing for, to despise, id. ib. 27, 88:

nihili facio scire,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 42:

negat se magni facere, utrum, etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 38:

parum id facio,

Sall. J. 85, 31: si illi aliter nos faciant quam aequum sit. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 43.—

With gen., to make a thing the property of a person, subject it to him: omnia, quae mulieris fuerunt, viri fiunt, Cic. Top. 4, 23.—Esp.: facere aliquid dicionis alicujus, to reduce to subjection under a person or power:

omnem oram Romanae dicionis fecit,

Liv. 21, 60, 3:

dicionis alienae facti,

id. 1, 25, 13; 5, 27, 14; cf.: ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret, to make it ( seem) his own bounty, Just. 13, 4, 9:

ne delecto imperatore alio sui muneris rempublicam faceret,

Tac. A. 15, 52.—

To represent a thing in any manner, to feign, assert, say. —Constr. with acc. and adj. or part., or with acc. and inf.

Acc. and part.:

in eo libro, ubi se exeuntem e senatu et cum Pansa colloquentem facit,

id. Brut. 60, 218:

Xenophon facit... Socratem disputantem,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 31; cf.:

ejus (Socratis) oratio, qua facit eum Plato usum apud judices,

id. Tusc. 1, 40 fin. al.—

Acc. and inf.:

qui nuper fecit servo currenti in via decesse populum,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 31:

fecerat et fetam procubuisse lupam,

Verg. A. 8, 630; cf. Ov. M. 6, 109, v. Bach ad h. l.:

poetae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35:

quem (Herculem) Homerus apud inferos conveniri facit ab Ulixe,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 41:

Plato construi a deo mundum facit,

id. ib. 1, 8, 19:

Plato Isocratem laudari fecit a Socrate,

id. Opt. Gen. 6, 17; id. Brut. 38, 142:

M. Cicero dicere facit C. Laelium,

Gell. 17, 5, 1:

caput esse faciunt ea, quae perspicua dicunt,

Cic. Fia. 4, 4, 8, v. Madv. ad h. l.—

In double construction:

Polyphemum Homerus cum ariete colloquentem facit ejusque laudare fortunas,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39 fin. —

To make believe, to pretend:

facio me alias res agere,

Cic. Fam. 15, 18:

cum verbis se locupletem faceret,

id. Fl. 20:

me unum ex iis feci, qui, etc.,

id. Planc. 27, 65.—

Hypothetically in the imper. fac, suppose, assume:

fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1; cf.:

fac potuisse,

id. Phil. 2, 3, 5:

fac animos non remanere post mortem,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; 1, 29, 70:

fac velit,

Stat. Ach. 2, 241:

fac velle,

Verg. A. 4, 540.—

In mercant. lang., to practise, exercise, follow any trade or profession:

cum mercaturas facerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:

naviculariam,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §

46: argentariam,

id. ib. 2, 5, 49, § 155; id. Caecin. 4, 10:

topiariam,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 5:

haruspicinam,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

praeconium,

id. ib.; so,

piraticam,

id. Post. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

medicinam,

Phaedr. 1, 14, 2.—

In relig. lang., like the Gr. rhezein, to perform or celebrate a religious rite; to offer sacrifice, make an offering, to sacrifice:

res illum divinas apud eos deos in suo sacrario quotidie facere vidisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8, § 18:

sacra pro civibus,

id. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrificium publicum,

id. Brut. 14, 56.— Absol.:

a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae, cui omnes consules facere necesse est, consulem avellere,

Cic. Mur. 41, 90.—With abl.:

cum faciam vitula pro frugibus,

Verg. E. 3, 77:

catulo,

Col. 2, 22, 4.— Pass. impers.:

cum pro populo fieret,

Cic. Att. 1, 13, 3:

quibus diis decemviri ex libris ut fieret, ediderunt,

Liv. 37, 3, 5.—

In gram., to make, form in inflecting:

cur aper apri et pater patris faciat?

Quint. 1, 6, 13; so id. 14; 15; 27; cf.:

sic genitivus Achilli et Ulixi fecit,

id. 1, 5, 63; 1, 6, 26:

eadem (littera) fecit ex duello bellum,

id. 1, 4, 15.—

In late Lat., (se) facere aliquo, to betake one's self to any place:

intra limen sese facit,

App. 5, p. 159, 25;

without se: homo meus coepit ad stelas facere,

Petr. 62:

ad illum ex Libya Hammon facit,

Tert. Pall. 3.—

Peculiar phrases.

Quid faciam (facias, fiet, etc.), with abl., dat., or (rare) with de, what is to be done with a person or thing? quid hoc homine facias? Cic. Sest. 13, 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40:

nescit quid faciat auro,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 100:

quid tu huic homini facias?

Cic. Caecin. 11, 30; cf.:

quid enim tibi faciam,

id. Att. 7, 3, 2: quid faceret huic conclusioni, i. e. how should he refute, etc., id. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

quid facias illi?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 63:

miserunt Delphos consultum quidnam facerent de rebus suis,

Nep. Them. 2: quid fecisti scipione? what have you done with the stick? or, what has become of it? Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 6; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—In pass.:

quid Tulliola mea fiet?

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

quid illo fiet? quid me?

id. Att. 6, 1, 14:

quid fiet artibus?

id. Ac. 2, 33, 107:

quid mihi fiet?

Ov. A. A. 1, 536:

quid de illa fiet fidicina igitur?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 48: de fratre quid fiet? Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 39.— Absol.:

quid faciat Philomela? fugam custodia claudit?

Ov. M. 6, 572:

quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat, etc.,

Verg. E. 1, 41 al. —

Fit, factum est aliquo or aliqua re, it happens to, becomes of a person or thing:

volo Erogitare, meo minore quid sit factum filio,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 32:

nec quid deinde iis (elephantis) factum sit, auctores explicant,

Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:

quid eo est argento factum?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 106.—Hence,

Esp., si quid factum sit aliquo, if any thing should happen to one (i. q. si quid acciderit humanitus), euphemistically for if one should die:

si quid eo factum esset, in quo spem essetis habituri?

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 20, 59; cf.:

eum fecisse aiunt, sibi quod faciendum fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 23. —

Ut fit, as it usually happens, as is commonly the case:

praesertim cum, ut fit, fortuito saepe aliquid concluse apteque dicerent,

Cic. Or. 53, 177:

queri, ut fit, incipiunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat,

id. Mil. 10, 28:

fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia,

Liv. 3, 1, 7.—

Fiat, an expression of assent, so be it! very good! fiat, geratur mos tibi, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 146; id. As. 1, 1, 27; id. Am. 2, 2, 138; id. Most. 4, 3, 44 al.—

Dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, without delay, at once; v. dictum under dico, A. d.—

In certain phrases the ellipsis of facere is common, e. g. finem facere:

Quae cum dixisset, Cotta finem,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94; id. Fin. 4, 1 init. —With nihil aliud quam, quid alium quam, nihil praeterquam, which often = an emphatic Engl. only (but not in Cic.):

Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit,

Nep. Ages. 2:

per biduum nihil aliud quam steterunt parati,

Liv. 34, 46; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Aug. 83; Liv. 2, 63; 4, 3; 3, 26.—So with nihil amplius quam, nihil prius quam, nihil minus quam, Liv. 26, 20; 35, 11; Suet. Dom. 3.

With adverbs, to do, deal, or act in any manner:

recta et vera loquere, sed neque vere neque recte adhuc Fecisti umquam,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7;

v. recte under rego: bene fecit Silius, qui transegerit,

Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1:

seu recte seu perperam,

to do right or wrong, id. Quint. 8, 31:

Dalmatis di male faciant,

id. Fam. 5, 11 fin.:

facis amice,

in a friendly manner, id. Lael. 2, 9; cf.:

per malitiam,

maliciously, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

humaniter,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

imperite,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

tutius,

Quint. 5, 10, 68:

voluit facere contra huic aegre,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: bene facere, to profit, benefit (opp. male facere, to hurt, injure), Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 25; 5, 7, 19; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 22; id. Capt. 5, 2, 23; v. also under benefacio and benefactum.—

Facere cum or ab aliquo, to take part with one, to side with one; and opp. contra (or adversus) aliquem, to take part against one:

si respondisset, idem sentire et secum facere Sullam,

Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf.:

cum illo consulem facere,

id. Att. 6, 8, 2; and:

secum consules facere,

id. Planc. 35, 86:

auctoritatem sapientissimorum hominum facere nobiscum,

id. Caecin. 36, 104; cf.:

rem et sententiam interdicti mecum facere fatebatur,

id. ib. 28, 79:

cum veritas cum hoc faciat,

is on his side, id. Quint. 30, 91:

commune est, quod nihilo magis ab adversariis quam a nobis facit,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

omnes damnatos, omnes ignominia affectos illac (a or cum Caesare) facere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

quae res in civitate duae plurimum possunt, eae contra nos ambae faciunt in hoc tempore,

id. Quint. 1, 1:

neque minus eos cum quibus steterint quam adversus quos fecerint,

Nep. Eum. 8, 2:

cum aliquo non male facere,

to be on good terms with, Ov. Am. 3, 762.—

In late Lat. facere cum aliqua = vivere cum aliqua, to live in matrimony, to be married, Inscr. Orell. 4646. —

Ad aliquid, alicui, or absol., to be good or of use for any thing; to be useful, of service:

chamaeleon facit ad difficultatem urinae,

Plin. 22, 18, 21, § 46; Scrib. Comp. 122:

ad talem formam non facit iste locus,

Ov. H. 16, 190; cf. id. ib. 6, 128; id. Am. 1, 2, 16 al.:

radix coronopi coeliacis praeclare facit,

Plin. 22, 19, 22, § 48; so with dat., Plin. Val. 2, 1; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 20:

facit autem commode ea compositio, quam, etc.,

Col. 7, 5, 7; 8, 17, 13:

nec caelum, nec aquae faciunt, nec terra, nec aurae,

do not benefit me, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 23:

mire facit in peroratione confessio,

Quint. 11, 3, 173; 171; cf. with a subject-clause: plurimum facit, totas diligenter [p. 718] nosse causas, id. 6, 4, 8: ad aliquid or alicui signifies also to suit, fit:

non faciet capiti dura corona meo,

Prop. 3, 1, 19; cf. Ov. H. 16, 189.—

Like the Gr. poiein or dran, and the Engl. to do, instead of another verb (also for esse and pati):

factum cupio (sc. id esse),

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 24:

factum volo,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 91; id. Most. 3, 2, 104:

an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi facere non potuerunt?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

nihil his in locis nisi saxa et montes cogitabam: idque ut facerem, orationibus inducebar tuis,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

Demosthenem, si illa pronuntiare voluisset, ornate splendideque facere potuisse,

id. Off. 1, 1 fin.; and:

cur Cassandra furens futura prospiciat, Priamus sapiens hoc idem facere nequeat?

id. Div. 1, 39, 85; so id. Ac. 2, 33, 107; id. Att. 1, 16, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Nep. Chabr. 3, 4; 4, 3 al.:

vadem te ad mortem tyranno dabis pro amico, ut Pythagoreus ille Siculo fecit tyranno (here also with the case of the preceding verb),

Cic. Fin. 2, 24 fin. (v. Madv. ad h. l. p. 278):

jubeas (eum) miserum esse, libenter quatenus id facit (i. e. miser est),

what he is doing, Hor. S. 1, 1, 64:

in hominibus solum existunt: nam bestiae simile quiddam faciunt (i. q. patiuntur or habent),

Cic. Tusc. 4, 14; so,

ne facias quod Ummidius quidam (= ne idem experiaris, ne idem tibi eveniat),

Hor. S. 1, 1, 94. —

Facere omitted, especially in short sentences expressing a judgment upon conduct, etc.:

at stulte, qui non modo non censuerit, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 27, 101.—Hence,

factus, a, um, P. a.

As adjective ante-class. and very rare:

factius nihilo facit, sc. id, i. e. nihilo magis effectum reddit,

is no nearer bringing it about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 6; cf. Lorenz ad loc.—Far more freq.,

In the neutr. as subst.: factum, i ( gen. plur. factum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 Trag. 81), that which is done, a deed, act, exploit, achievement (syn.: res gestae, facinus).

In gen.:

depingere,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 5, 38:

facere factum,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 5; id. Mil. 3, 1, 139:

dicta et facta,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12:

opus facto est,

id. Phorm. 4, 5, 4:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A. 1;

14, 9, 2: quod umquam eorum in re publica forte factum exstitit?

id. ib. 8, 14, 2:

praeclarum atque divinum,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

egregium,

id. Fam. 10, 16, 2; id. Cael. 10, 23:

factum per se improbabile,

Quint. 7, 4, 7; 6, 1, 22:

illustre,

Nep. Arist. 2, 2; cf.:

illustria et gloriosa,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

forte,

id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

dira,

Ov. M. 6, 533:

nefanda,

id. H. 14, 16 al.; but also with the adv.:

recte ac turpiter factum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5; cf.:

multa huius (Timothei) sunt praeclare facta sed haec maxime illustria,

Nep. Timoth. 1, 2;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 722, 2: dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

quo facto aut dicto adest opus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 15 et saep.:

famam extendere factis,

Verg. A. 10, 468: non hominum video. non ego facta boum, doings, i. e. works, Ov. H. 10, 60.—

In partic., bonum factum, like the Gr. agathê tuchê, a good deed, i. e. well done, fortunate (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

bonum factum'st, edicta ut servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16; cf. id. ib. 44; cf.:

hoc factum est optimum, ut, etc.,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 52:

majorum bona facta,

Tac. A. 3, 40; cf. id. ib. 3, 65. —At the commencement of edicts, Suet. Caesar, 80; id. Vit. 14; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 49, 17; Tert. Pudic. 1.—(But in the class. per. factum in this sense is a participle, and is construed with an adv.:

bene facta,

Sall. C. 8, 5; id. J. 85, 5; Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64:

recte, male facta,

id. Off. 2, 18, 62:

male facto exigua laus proponitur,

id. Leg. Agr. 2, 2, 5; id. Brut. 43, 322; Quint. 3, 7, 13; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 460).—

facteon, a word jestingly formed by Cicero, after the analogy of the Greek, for faciendum: quare, ut opinor, philosophêteon, id quod tu facis, et istos consulatus non flocci facteon, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 13 Orell. N. cr. (for facteon, Ernesti has eateon).

* * *

con-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.; lit., to write together, i. e.,

To write together in a roll or list, to enroll; very freq. as a milit. t. t., of the levying of troops, Caes. B. G. 1, 10; 1, 24; 2, 2; 2, 8 et saep.; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 7:

cohortes veteranas tumulti causā,

Sall. C. 59, 5:

inter septimanos conscribi,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

inter nostros,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 40:

conscripti in Ciliciam legiones,

Suet. Caes. 8; 24; id. Galb. 10:

exercitum adversum aliquem,

Val. Max. 5, 4, 5.—And of the enrolment of colonists:

decrevit senatus, ut C. Lentulus consul sex milia familiarum conscriberet, quae in eas colonias dividerentur,

Liv. 37, 46, 10.—So of enrolling in a particular class of citizens, to inscribe, choose:

eodem tempore et centuriae tres equitum conscriptae sunt,

Liv. 1, 13, 8.—So the frequently occurring title of senators: Patres Conscripti (prop. Patres, conscripti, i. e. Patres et conscripti), chosen, elect, assembled fathers (lit. fathers and elect):

traditum inde (sc. post reges exactos) fertur, ut in Senatum vocarentur, qui Patres quique Conscripti essent: Conscriptos videlicet in novum senatum appellabant lectos,

Liv. 2, 1, 11; cf. Fest. p. 254, 22 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 7, 5, and p. 41, 13 ib.; Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27; id. Planc. 35, 87; Nep. Hann. 12, 2; Liv. 3, 52, 6; 6, 26, 4; Dict. of Antiq.;

and in imitation of this: di conscripti,

App. M. 6, p. 182, 35.—In a play upon words (censured by Quint.): ne Patres conscripti videantur circumscripti, Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 72.—Also in sing., of one senator:

pater conscriptus,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13, 28; and absol., poet. in sing.: conscriptus, i, m., a senator: quod sit conscripti, quod judicis officium, * Hor. A. P. 314.—So also of the enrolling of the people for the purpose of bribery, Cic. Planc. 18, 45; 19, 47; id. Sest. 15, 34:

rex me opere oravit maximo ut sibi latrones cogerem et conscriberem,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 76.—

To put together in writing, to draw up, compose, write (class.).

With acc.:

librum de consulatu, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 35, 132; cf. Nep. Lys. 4, 2:

volumen,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 101:

Topica Aristotelea,

id. Fam. 7, 19 init.; Ov. P. 2, 9, 73:

lepidas tabellas,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 26:

epistulam,

Cic. Att. 13, 50, 1:

syngraphum inter me et amicam,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 1:

imaginem,

to delineate, sketch, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

legem (consules),

to draw up, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 7; cf.

edicta,

Suet. Tit. 6:

condiciones,

Liv. 26, 24, 8; cf. id. 29, 12, 15:

foedus,

id. 41, 24, 15:

testamentum,

Suet. Claud. 44:

fortunas alterius litteris,

Cic. Clu. 66, 186.—

With rel.-clause:

cum pluribus conscripsisset, qui esset optimus rei publicae status,

Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 11 Madv. N. cr. —

With de:

(illi), de quibus audivi et legi et ipse conscripsi,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 12, 19, 2; Quint. 2, 11, 24:

de ratione dicendi,

Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—

With acc. and inf.: ut in ordinem se coactum conscriberet, write down, notice that he should be, etc., Suet. Claud. 38: omni personae quam dotem suscepisse cum marito conscribitur, Cod. Just. 5, 15, 3.—

Esp., of physicians, to prescribe:

pro salutaribus mortifera,

Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13.—

Meton., to write something all over, to fill with writing (rare; mostly poet.):

mensam vino,

Ov. Am. 2, 5, 17; cf.: epistolium lacrimis, * Cat. 68, 2.— Humorously, to mark by beating, to cudgel:

conscribere aliquem totum stilis ulmeis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 132; cf. conscribillo.—

With in and abl., to write upon, mark upon:

signum sanguinis id est crucis in suā fronte,

Lact. 4, 26, 39.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—